VEGF

Overview

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) measures circulating levels of this family of signaling proteins that stimulate angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and endothelial cell growth. VEGF-A, the predominant isoform, binds VEGFR-2 receptors promoting tumor vascularization and pathological neovascularization. Elevated levels indicate cancer progression, retinopathy, or inflammatory conditions, while low levels lack established clinical significance; primarily useful in oncology research for monitoring anti-angiogenic therapy response and as prognostic biomarker in solid tumors, though routine clinical measurement limited by assay variability.

Clinical Use Cases

  • Monitoring bevacizumab/anti-VEGF therapy efficacy in cancer.
  • Research prognostic marker in colorectal, lung, renal cell carcinoma.
  • Assessing diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration activity.
  • Investigating preeclampsia placental angiogenesis.
  • Evaluating wound healing impairment.

Specimen Types

  • Serum.
  • Plasma (EDTA, heparin, or citrate).
  • Cell culture supernatant.

Measurement Methods

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  • Multiplex bead immunoassays.
  • Electrochemiluminescent immunoassay.

Test Preparation and Influencing Factors

  • No fasting required.
  • Platelets major source; use platelet-poor plasma.
  • Inflammation, hypoxia, growth factors elevate levels.
  • Anti-angiogenic therapy rapidly decreases circulating VEGF.
  • Sample processing critical: immediate centrifugation, freeze at -80°C.

Synonyms

  • Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A).
  • VPF (vascular permeability factor).

Further Reading